Document Type : Research
Authors
Abstract
The aim of this study is to survey of the role of personality in tolerance ambiguity in students of different majors. The changes that driven from globalization have been created upward spirals of novelty, complexity and change, that magnifying the experience of ambiguity by communities, groups and members. Ambiguity tolerance refers to the individual, s tendency to interpret an ambiguous situation as a threat or a source of discomfort. Based On this, this study has been examined the role of big five factor personality in predict of tolerance ambiguity in students of different majors. Sample included 340 (202 female and 138 male) students of Persian Gulf University to whom the Tolerance ambiguity scale and Big Five Factor questionnaire were given. The results of inter multiple regression showed that openness to experience positively and neuroticism negatively predict tolerance for ambiguity. The results of multiple analysis of variances of openness, neuroticism and majors, showed that the main effect of openness and majors have significant effect on tolerance of ambiguity. Furthermore, the interaction effect of openness and majors has a significant effect on tolerance of ambiguity in students. According to the finding of this research, the ambiguity tolerance is a complex constructs that influenced by both personality traits and majors (index of environment).
Keywords
جوکار، بهرام؛ خیر، محمد و البرزی، محبوبه (1387). خلاقیت در کودکان: بررسی مدل علّی کنترل ادارک شده، سبک‌های انگیزشی و خلاقیت. فصلنامه علمی/ پژوهشی روانشناسی دانشگاه تبریز، 3(12)، 147-173.
حسینی، افضل‌السادات (1383). ماهیت خلاقیت وشیوه‌های پرورش آن، مشهد: استان قدس رضوی.
حسینی، فریده‌سادات، لطیفیان، مرتضی (1388). پنج عامل بزرگ شخصیت و نیاز به شناخت.. فصلنامه روانشناسان ایرانی، 21، 68-61.
حقیقت، شهربانو (1377). بررسی ویژگی‌های شخصیتی دانش‌آموزان خلاق و تعیین رابطه میان خلاقیت،پیشرفت تحصیلی، هوش، طبقه اجتماعی و جنسیت در گروهی از دانش‌آموزان سال سوم راهنمایی در شهر شیراز. شورای تحقیقات آموزش و پرورش استان فارس.
خادمی، ابوالفضل؛ شمشادی، آزیتا؛ شعیری، محمدرضا (1384). بررسی رابطه تحمل ابهام با توانش زبانی. دو ماهنامه علمی–پژوهشی دانشور رفتار، 12(10)، 29-34.
خرمایی، فرهاد (1385). بررسی مدل علی ویژگی‌هایی شخصیتی، جهت‌گیری‌هایی انگیزشی و سبک‌های شناختی یادگیری. رسالة دکتری چاپ نشده. شیراز: دانشگاه شیراز.
زارع، حسین؛ آگاه هریس، مژگان و بیات، مریم (1389). خلاقیت و رگه‌های شخصیت در دانشجویان. مجله روانشناسی تحولی: روانشناسان ایرانی، 7(26)، 155-164.
شهائیان، آمنه؛ یوسفی، فریده (1386). رابطه بین خودشکوفایی، رضایت از زندگی و نیاز به شناخت در دانش اموزان با استعداد درخشان، پژوهش درحیطه کودکان استثنایی، 7(3)، 317-336.
شیخ‌الاسلامی، راضیه؛ رضویه، اصغر (1384). پیش‌بینی خلاقیت دانشجویان دانشگاه شیراز با توجه به متغیرهای انگیزش بیرونی، انگیزش درونی و جنسیت. مجله علوم اجتماعی و انسانی دانشگاه شیراز، 22(4)، 94-103.
صیف، محمدحسن؛ ثابت مهارلوئی، عباس (1393). ویژگی های فردی مؤثر بر ایجاد و توسعه خلاقیت دانشجویان دانشگاه علوم پزشکی شیراز (ارائه الگوی تحلیل مسیر). مجله ایرانی آموزش در علوم پزشکی، 14 (9)، 777- 786.
عابدی، ج. (1372). خلاقیت و شیوه‌ای نو در اندازه گیری آن. فصلنامه پژوهش‌های روانشناختی، 2 (1)، 46-54.
عبدالهی عدلی‌‌انصار، وحیده؛ فتحی‌آذر، اسکندر و عبدالهی، نیدا (1394). ارتباط تفکر انتقادی با خلاقیت، باورهای خودکارآمدی و عملکرد تحصیلی دانشجومعلمان. فصلنامه پژوهش در یادگیری آموزشگاهی و مجازی، 2(7)، 41-52.
عبدالهی، بیژن؛ رضایی، سعید (1393). تأثیر نیاز به شناخت، انگیزه خودافزایی و گرایش به یادگیری بر خلاقیت کارمندان. دانش و پژوهش در روانشناسی کاربردی، 15 (4)، 58-68.
غلامی، آویشه؛ کاکاوند، علیرضا (1388). بررسی رابطه بین قدرت تحمل ابهام خلاقیت، مجله اندیشه‌های نوین تربیتی، 6(4)، 168-153.
فرامرزی، حمید؛ حاجی‌یخچالی، علیرضا و منیجه، شهنی ییلاق (1395). رابطۀ ساده و چندگانه جهت‌گیریهای انگیزشی با خودکارآمدی خلاق در دانش‌آموزان پسرسال سوم مقطع متوسطه. فصلنامه پژوهش در یادگیری آموزشگاهی و مجازی، 3(12)، 17-26.
قریشی، منیر؛ عین الله زادگان، رقیه و درتاج، فریبرز (1391). رابطه صفات شخصیتی و خلاقیت در نوجوانان. مجله ابتکار و خلاقیت در علوم انسانی،1(3)، 131-144.
ملتفت، قوام؛ ساداتی فیروزآبادی، سمیه (1393). رابطه ابعاد کمالگرایی با خلاقیت در دانش‌آموزان دبیرستانی شهر شیراز. فصلنامه پژوهش در یادگیری آموزشگاهی و مجازی ، 1(3)، 71-78.
نریمانی، محمد؛ ابوالقاسمی، عباس (1384). آزمون‌های روانشناختی. اردبیل: انتشارات باغ رضوان.
نریمانی، محمد؛ ملکشاهی فر، معصومه؛ محمودی، نادر (1387). بررسی مهارت‌های مقابله‌ای وتحمل ابهام دردانش آموزان دخترگوشه گیر، پژوهش درحیطه کودکان استثنایی، 9(1)، 63-55.
Amabile, T. M. (1990). Within and without You: The Social Psychology of Creative, and Beyond, Runco Marck A. Albert (eds)., Theories of Creativity Sage Publications London,61-90.
Amabile, T.M. (1982) .Children’s Artistic Creativity: Detrimental Effects of Competition in A Field Setting, Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 8, 573-578.
Amabile, T.M. (1985). Motivational and Creativity: Effects of Motivational Orientation on Creative Writers, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 48, 393-399.
Amabile, T.M. (2001). Beyond Talent: John Irving and the Passionate Craft of Creativity." American Psychologist, 56(4) , 333-336.
Bardi, A., Guerra, V. M., Sharadeh, G., & Ramdeny, D. (2009). Openness and ambiguity intolerance: Their differential relations to well-being in the context of an academic life transition. Personality and Individual Differences, 47(3), 219-223.
Boden, M. A. (1998). Creativity and artificial intelligence. Artificial Intelligence, 103, 347-356.
Cacioppo, J. T., Petty, R. E., & Kao, C. F. (1984). The efficient assessment of need for cognition. Journal of Personality Assessment, 48, 306-307.
Cacioppo, J., Petty, R. E., Feinstein, J. A., & Javvis, W. B. (1996) .Dispositional differences in cognitive motivation: the life and times of individual varying in need for cognition. Psychological Bulletin, 119, 197-253.
Clapp, E. P. (2017). Participatory creativity: introducing access and enquiry to the creative classroom. New York: Routledge.
Costa, P.T., Mccare, R.R. (1992). NEO PI-R Professional manual. Odessa, FL: Psychological Assessment Resources.
Dietrich, A. (2004). The cognitive neuroscience of creativity. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 11(6), 1011-1026.
Digman, T. M. (1989). Five robust trait dimensions: development, stability and utility. Journal of Personality, 57, 195-214.
Dollinger, S.J., Urban, K.K. & James, T.A. (2004). Creativity and openness: Further validation of two creative product measures. Creativity Research Journal, 16, 35–47.
Dollinger, S.J. (2003). Need for uniqueness, need for cognition, and Creativity. Journal of Creative Behavior, 37, 99-115.
Durrheim, K., & Foster, D. (1997). Tolerance of ambiguity as a content specific construct. Personality and Individual Differences, 22, 741–750.
Evans, C.J., Kirby, J.R, Fabriger, L.R. (2003).Approaches to learning, need for cognition and strategic flexibility among university students. British Journal Educational Psychology, 73,507-528.
Feist, G.J. (2010). The function of personality in creativity: The nature and nurture of the creative personality. In J. C. Kaufman & R. J. Sternberg (Eds.), Cambridge handbook of creativity (pp. 113–130). New York, NY: Cambridge University Press. doi:10.1017/CBO9780511763205 .009.
Fumham, A., & Nederstorm, M. (2010). Ability, demographic and personality predictors of creativity, Personality and Individual Differences, 48(8), 957-961.
Furnham, A. (2015). The bright and dark side correlates of creativity: demographic, ability, personality traits and personality disorders associated with divergent thinking. Creativity Research Journal, 27(1), 39-46.
Furnham, A., Avison, M. (1997). Personality and preference for surreal paintings. Personality and Individual Differences. 23(6), 923-935.
Giuffer, K. (2016). Collective creativity: art and society in the south pacific. New York: Routledge.
Glade, G. A. (2002). Creative style, personality and artistic endeavor. Genetic, Social and General Psychology Monographs, 128, 213-234.
Goldberg, L.R. (1999). A broad- bandwidth, public- domain, personality measuring the lower- level facets of several five- factor moxels. In I. Mervields, I. J. Deary, F. De Fruyt, and F. Ostendort (Eds). Personality Psychology in Europe, 7 (7-28). Tilburg, The Netherlands, Tilburg university press.
Grosul, M., & Feist, G.J. (2014).The creative person in science. Psychology of Aesthetics, Creativity, and the Arts, 8(1), 30-43.
Howard, O.J. & Howard , K.J.M. (1998). An introduction to five – factor model personality for human resource professionals. Accessed June 7 th, 1999. at www. Centacs.com/quik- pt3.htm.
Katsaros, K., & Nicolaidis, C.S. (2012). Personal traits, emotions and attitudes in the workplace: their effect on managers, tolerance of ambiguity. Psychologist- Manger Journal, 15, 37-55.
Kelly, E. (2006). Relationship between the five factor model of personality and scale of creativity attributes and behavior: A validational Study. Individual Differences Research, 4(5), 299-305.
Lane, M., & Klenke, k. (2004). The Ambiguity Tolerance Interface: A Modified Social Cognitive Model For Leading Under Uncertainly. Journal of Leadership & Organizational Studies, 10(3), 69-82.
Lee, I.R. & Kemple, K. (2014). Preservice teachers’ personality traits and engagement in creative activities as predictors of their support for children’s creativity. Creativity Research Journal, 26(1), 82-94.
Litman, J.A. (2010). Relationships between measures of I- and D-type curiosity, ambiguity tolerance, and need for closure: An initial test of the wanting-liking model of information-seeking. Personality and Individual Differences, 48, 397-402.
MacLain, D.L. (1993). The MSTAT-I: a new measure of an individual's tolerance for ambiguity, Educational and Psychological Measurement, 53(1), 183-189.
Madrid, H.P. & Patterson, M.G. (2015). Creativity at work as a joint function between openness to experience, need for cognition and organizational fairness. Learning and Individual Differences. In Press, Corrected Proof.
Mccare, R.R., Costa, P.T. (1987). Validation of the five – factor model of personality across instruments and observes. Journal of personality and social psychology, 52, 81-90.
McCrae, R.R., & Costa, P.T. (1992). Discriminate validity of NEOPI-R factor scale. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 52, 229-237.
McCrae, R.R., & Costa, P.T. (1999). A five-factor theory of personality. In L. A. Pervin & O.P. John (Eds.), Handbook of personality (pp. 139–153). New York: Guilford
Merrotsky, P. (2013). Tolerance of ambuity: A trait of the creative personality. Creativity Research Journal, 25, 232-237.
Nair, K.U. & Ramnarayan, S. (2000). Individual differences in need for cognition and complex problem solving. Journal of Research in Personality, 34 (3), 305–328.
Nussbaum, E. (2005). The effect of goal instructions and need for cognition on interactive argumentation. Contempt Educe Psycho, 30(3): 286-313.
Prabhu, V., Sutton, C. & Sauser, W. (2008). Creativity and certain personality traits: understanding the mediating effect of intrinsic motivation. Creativity Research Journal, 20(1), 53-66.
Revelle, W. (1995). Individual differences in personality and motivation :Non-Cognitive determinants of cognitive performance. Htt://pmc.psych.nwa. education. [12 Jun 2005].
Runco, M.A. (1994). Conclusions regarding problem finding, problem solving, and creativity. In M. A. Runco (Ed.), Problem finding, problem solving, and creativity (pp. 272-290). Norwood, NJ: Ablex.
Runco, M. A. (2006). Creativity: Theories and Themes: Research, Development, and Practice. Academic Press.
Sadowski, C.J. & Cogburn, H.E. (1997). Need for cognition in the big five structure. The Journal of Psychology, 131 (3), 307- 312.
Shouwenburg, H. C. (1995). Personality and academic competence. Poster presented at the seventh meeting of the international society for study of individual differences, Warsaw, Poland.
Sosa, A. & Gero, J.S. (2016). Multi-dimensional creativity: a computational perspective. International Journal of Design Creativity and Innovation, 4(1), 26-50.
Steinberg, R.J., Grigorenko, E. L., & Singer, J. L. (Eds.) (2004). Creativity: From potential to realization. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
Stoyecheva, K. (2003). Talent, Science and Education: how do we cope with uncertainty and ambiguities. Retrieved from http://www.chaperone.stoe.
Toh, C.A. & Miller, S.R. (2016). Creativity in design teams: the influence of personality tracts and risk attitudes on creativity concept selection. Research in Engineering Design, 27(1), 73-89.
Tsai, K.C. (2016). Personality, affect and creativity: a case study of Macau undergraduates. Journal of Education and Social Science, 4, 170-175.
Tuten, T.L., & Bosnjak, M. (2001). Understanding Effects of need for cognition on social loafing. Paper presented at the meeting of the Midwestern Psychological Association, Chicago.
Urban, K.K. (2003). Toward a componential model of creativity. In D. Ambrose, L. M. Cohen, & A. J. Tannenbaum (Eds.), Creative intelligence: Toward theoretic integration (pp. 81–112). New York: Hampton Press.
Vats, D. & Kaushik, P. (2017). Meta- cognitive awareness and personality as predictors of creativity among young adults. Journal of Contemporary Psychological Research, 3(2), 30-40.
Webster, D. & Kruglanski, A.W. (1994). Individual differences in need for cognition closure. Journal of Personality and Social psychology, 67, 1049-1062.
Zenansi, F. & Besancon, M & lubart, T, (2008). Creativity and tolerance of ambiguity: an Empirical study. Journal of creative Behavior. 42(1), 64-73.
)