In collaboration with Payame Noor University and Iran Educational Psychology Association

Document Type : Research

Authors

1 Payame Noor University

2 Shahid Beheshti University

Abstract

Hidden curriculum is the next unpredictable learning experience, ignoring this aspect, neglecting the critical part of the factors that affect student learning. Therefore, the present research has tried to identify some of the important factors involved in creating the hidden curriculum of environmental education in Tehran's secondary schools by providing teachers with perceptions and provide suitable ground for improving the environmental education of students. The method of qualitative research is of phenomenological type. The participants of this study were Tehran Secondary Teachers who were selected on the basis of purposeful sampling of normal subjects, reaching 32 to reach the saturation stage. Within the framework of the topic, semi-structured interviews were used to collect information and the findings of teachers' perceptions and experiences were analyzed and analyzed using Corbin and Strauss's method. After implementing and analyzing the interviews, seven core codes and 34 initial codes were obtained and according to the observed frequencies, the cognitive dimension category with the sum of the most important coefficients and categories of outsourcing factors, social dimension, school bureaucracy dimension And the physical structure are in the next category, and the emotional dimensional category has the least significant coefficient from the angles of code abundance. Teachers believed that schools were not aware of the impact of these dimensions and that they were weak.
 

Keywords

اﺳﻜﻨﺪری، ﺣﺴﻴﻦ (1387). ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ درﺳﻲ ﭘﻨﻬﺎن. ﺗﻬﺮان: ﻧﺸﺮﻧﺴﻴﻤﺎ.
سبحانی، عبدالرضا؛ احمدی، امینه؛ صفرپور، بهشته (1391). تبیین رابطه بعد فراشناختی برنامه درسی پنهان با مهارت خواندن دانش‌آموزان چهارم ابتدایی دو زبانه. فصلنامه رهبری و مدیریت آموزشی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد گرمسار. سال ششم، شماره 1، بهار 1391. صفحات 85-71.
صفایی موحد، سعید؛ حسینی مقدم، سیدابوالفضل، باوفا، داوود (1392). برنامه درسی پنهان. تهران: انتشارات جهاد دانشگاهی.
علیخانی، محمد حسین (1382). پیامدهای قصد نشده (برنامه درسی پنهان) ناشی از محیط اجتماعی مدرسه در نگرش‌های دانش‌آموزان مدارس متوسطه (مطالعه موردی: اصفهان) – پایان‌نامه دوره دکتری در رشته برنامه‌ریزی درسی– به راهنمایی دکتر محمود مهرمحمدی – دانشگاه تربیت مدرس
فتحی واجارگاه؛کوروش، واحد چوکده؛ سکینه (1385). شناسایی آسیب‌های تربیت شهروندی در برنامه درسی پنهان نظام اموزشی متوسطه نظری از دیدگاه معلمان زن شهر تهران و ارائه راهکارهایی برای بهبود وضعیت آن، فصلنامه نوآوری‌های آموزشی، شماره 17، پاییز 1385 ص 32.
ملکی، حسن (1386 ). برنامه‌ریزی درسی (راهنمای عمل). تهران: انتشارات مدرسه.
میرعرب رضی، رضا؛ اکبری، مهدی (1396). بررسی آثار برنامه درسی پنهان مدارس و ارائه راهکارهایی به منظور کاهش اثار منفی و افزایش آثار مثبت. فصلنامه پژوهشنامه تربیتی، سال دوازدهم، تابستان 1396، شماره 51 صفحات 156-139
 
 
Abrams, Peter. (2000). The evolution of predator-prey interactions: Theory and evidence. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics. 31. 79-105. 10.1146/annurev.ecolsys.31.-1.79.
Ahmadian, M., Sobhani Nejad, M. (2014). Study the Relationship Between Component of Hidden Curriculum with Dimensions of Student’s Critical Thinking. Journal of Shahed University, 21(4) [Persian].
Ahola, S. (2000). Hidden Curriculum in higher education: Somethnig to fear for or Comply to Innovations in higher education. researchunit for the Sociology of education University of Turku.
Ausbrooks, R. (2000). What is Schools hidden Curriculum teaching your child? http://www.Parentigteens.Com/Curriculum Shtm1.
Ballantyne, R. & Clacherty, A. (1990). Understanding student experiences of environmental education programs: The value of a phenomenological approach. International Journal of Environmental Education and Information, 9(1), 29-42.
Bate, S.P. (1996). Toward a strategic framework for changing corporate curlture. Journal of recommendation service: pages 27-42. https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1099-1697 (199601)5: 1<27:: AID-JSC198>3.0.CO;2-B
Beran, T.N. (2006). Preparing Teachers to Manage School ullying: The Hidden Curriculum. The Journal of Educational Thought. Calgary: Autumn 2006. Vol40. Iss. 2; 119-129
Bergenhenegouwen, G. (2009). Hidden Curriculum in the university, Context: Results from the 2001 and 2006 progress in International Reading literacy study (PIRLS). National center for Education statistics. U.S.A Depaitement of Education.
Brenda Paul, J. (1997). An investigitation of hidden curriculum in dress, décor, and discipline, master’s thesis, pacific lutheran University.
Brody, M. (1997). Descending the watershed: Rethinking the ‘place’ of curriculum. Canadian Journal of Environmental Education, 2, 114-131.
Carvalho de souse, A. sevilla-pavon, A. Seiz Ortiz, R. (2012). Autonomy and ICT in environmental education. Journal of social and behavioral sciences 46(2012)1343-1347
Casey, E. (1997). The fate of place: A philosophical history. Berkeley: University of California Press Bate, J. (2000). The song of the earth. London: Picador.
Cetin, Gulcan. Nisanci, Seda Hilal. (2010). Enhancing students environmental awareness. Procedia-Social and behavioral Scioences. Volume 2, Issue 2,2010,pages 1830-1834.
Chawla, L. (1994). In the first country of places: Nature, poetry, and childhood memory. Albany, NY: SUNY Press.
Chikeung, Ch. (2008) . the effect of shared decision-making on the improvement in teacher’s Job development. http://www.eric.ed-.gov
Conde, M.C. & Sanchez, J.S. (2010). The school curriculum and environmental education: A school environmental audit experience. International journal of environmental & Science education, Vol. 5, No. 4,PP.477-494.\
Deci, E. L. & Ryan, R. M. (2002). Overview of self-determination theory: An organismic dialectical perspective, In E. L. Deci & R. M.
Dekle, Dawn. (2004). The meta curriculum 7Guardingthe golden apples of university culture. Published in Phi Kappa Forum, 84(4): 15-48.
Department of School Education. (1994). A Review of Environmental Education in New South Department of School Education.
Dixie, G. (2003). The importance of the physical environment. http://books.google.com
Doganay, A. (2009). Hidden curriculum on gaining the value of respect for human dignity. A qualitative study in two elementary schools in Adana.
Dreeben, R. (1968). On what is learned in schools. Reading, MA: Addison Wesley.P.1. Eilva; (1998). Implicit and null curriculum. The Educational technology Journal. Vol, 8, No, 20 october http://www.tcet.unt.-Edu/STARt-/resss68.htm
Eisner, E.W. (1994). "The Educational Imagination: On the Design and Evaluation of school Programs 3 rd edition.New York: Macmillan College Publishing.Electrónica de Investigación Educativa, 13(2). Retrieved month day, year, from: http://redie.uabc.mx-/vol13no2/contents-isaacmarquezetal.html
Ferriter, B. (2009). Cell phones art disrupting the learning environment. http:// teacher leaders. typepad.com
Fizroy community school. (2007). Retrieved from http://www.fcs,vie,edu.au/artides.asp
Gholami, H. (2008). The view in children at green school, Madares Magazine
Gordon, David. (1982). The Concept of The Hidden Curriculum. Journal of Philosophy of Education, 16(2).
Gordon, David. (1985). “Hidden Curriculum in International of Educational”. Second Edition.
Hart, R. (1997). Childrens participation: The theory and practice of involving young citizens in community development and environmental care. London: Earthscan.
Hay, P. (2002). Main currents in western environmental thougt. sydney, Australia: university of new south wales press.
Hens, L., Wiedemann, T., Raath, S., Stone, R., Renders, P., Craenhals, E., & Richter, B. (2009). Monitoring environmental management at primary schools in South Africa. Journal of Cleaner Production, (in press).
Hines, G. M; Hungerford, H. R and Toma, A. N. (1987). ′′Analysis and synthesis of research on responsible environmental behavior: A meta- analysis ′′, Journal of Environmental Education.
Hosseini Yazdi, A. (2014). The Correlation Studies and Share Explained of Hidden Curriculum with Comprehensive Research Aspects of Educational Science Students in Tehran Universities, Journal of Research in Curriculum, Vol. 2, No.14.[Persian]
Hubert, Jaqueline. (2000). The Role of the Hidden Curriculum. Research2.csci.educ.Ubc.-ca/-soc100/conceptmap/terms/hiddencurri-culum,php- 15k.
Hungerford, H.; Peyton, R. B. & Wilke, R J. (1980). 'Goals for Curriculum Development in Environmental Education', The Journal of Environmental Education, 11: 3, 42 -47.
Hungerford, H. R.; Peyton, R. B. (1997). Environmental action: a paradigm. In: Aldrich, James L. (ed.). A report on the North American regional seminar on E.E. Columbus, Ohio, ERIC/SMEAC Info. Reference Centre, The Ohio State University, 1997.
Isaac-Márquez, R., Salavarría, O., Eastmond, A., Ayala, M., Arteaga, M. (2011). Environmental culture in high school students. Case study of environmental education at the high school level in Campeche. Revista
Jackson, P. (1968). Life in Classrooms. Retrieved november 25, 2005 from: http://www. kdpoorg/ images/ Jackson. Jpeg
Jardine, D. (1998). To dwell with a boundless heart: Essays in curriculum theory, hermeneutics, and the ecological imagination. New York: Peter Lang Publishers
Jody M. Hines, Harold R. Hungerford & Audrey N. Tomera. (2010). Analysis and Synthesis of Research on Responsible Environmental Behavior: A Meta-Analysis, The Journal of environmental Education, 18:2, 1-8, DOI: 10.1080/00958964.1987.9943482
Macauley, D. (Ed.). (1996). Minding nature: The philosophers of ecology. New York:The Guilford Press.
Maleki, H. (2007). Curriculum Guide to Action, Payam Andishe Publishing. [Persian].
Margolis, E [Editor] (2001). The Hidden Curriculum in Higher Education; New York: Rout ledge
Marlow Stacey, Minehira Norman. (2008) .principals as curriculum  Leaders: New perspectives for the 21 st century. From http://www. Pre .org. 2008/1/03.
Martin J. (1976). What should we do with a hidden curriculum when we find one curriculum inquiry? Curriculum Inquiry. 1976;6(2):135-51.
Mc Neil, J. (1996). Curriculum: A Comprehensive Introduction. Fifth edition, New York: Harper collins.
Mugerauer, R. (1995). Interpreting environments: Tradition, deconstruction, hermeneutics. Austin: University of Texas Press.
Myles, B.S., Andreon, D. (2001). Asperger syndrome and adolescence: practicul solutions for school success shawne mission, ks.autism asperger publishing co.
Noruzi, A. (2014). The Relationship between Hidden Curriculum and National Identity of High School Students, Journal Research in Curriculum.[Persian]
Noruzi, B. (2010). The Effect of Hidden Curriculum on Disciplinary Behaviour of Students from the Perspective of Managers & Teachers of Primary Schools in Shiraz, M.A. Thesis, Allame Tabatabaee University.[Persian].
O’HEARN, GEORGE T. (1972). Environmental Education: The New Scientific Literacy, NASSP BULLETIN. January 1972
Ornstein, A. C. & Hunkins, F. P. (2009). Curriculum Foundations, principles and issues (5th). Boston: Allyn and Bacon
Payne, P. (1999). Postmodern challenges and modern horizons: education ‘for being for the environment’. Environmental Education Research, 5(1), 5-34.
Payne, P.G. (2006). Environmental education and curriculum theory, The Journal  of Environmental Education, vol 37, issue 2, Heldref Publications, USA, pp. 25-35.
Phipps, S.L. (1991). Towards excellence in environmental education: An investigation into
Pinar, W.F., Reynold s, W. M., Siattery, P., & Taubman, P. M. (1996). Understanding Curriculum, Peter Lang Publishing, Inc. New York.
Redish, E.F. (2009). The hidden curriculum: what do we really want our students to learn? http://www.sociologyindex.com.
Relph, E. (1976). Place and Placelessness. London: Pion Limited Ryan (Eds.), Handbook of self-determination research (pp. 3-33) New York: University of Rochester Press.
Seamon, D. (1979). A geography of the lifeworld: Movement, rest and encounter. New York: St. Martin’s Press.
Shobeiri, S.M.; Alihosseini S.H.; Meiboudi H. & Saradipour A. (2015). Preschool educators qualifications for environmental education of children in Iran. Journal of Educational and Management Studies, 5 (1), 22-26.
Shurifah Thuraiy, S.A. (2010). The other curriculum in pesantren  exploring possible triggers, 50. of radic Alisva. http://www-.pvtr.org/pdf
Silver & Alexander. (2009). Curriculum for Teaching and Better Learning, Dr. Khoy Nejad, Gh. Translations, Beh Nashr Astan Qods Razavi Publishing.
Smith, A. & Montgomery, A. (2008).Values and hiddencurriculum. http:// Cain web.service.
StephenSon, A.M. (2009). Skirmishes on the border: How children experienced, influenced and enacted the boundaries of curriculum in an early childhood education. http://reseurchive.vum.ac.riz.
Strauss, A. & Corbin, J. (1990). Basics of Qualitative Research: Grounded Theory Procedures and Techniques, London: Sage.
Tuan, Y. F. (1974). Topophilia: A study of environmental perception, attitudes, and values. New Jersey: Prentice Hall.
Tuan, Y. F. (1977). Space and Place. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.
Van Manen, M. (1996). Researching lived experience. Albany,NY: State University of New York Press Wales Government Schools. Sydney: Quality Assurance Directorate, New South Wales.
Walker, K. (1997). Challenging critical theory in environmental education. Environmental Education Research, 3(2), 155-162.
Walker, K.E. (1995). Improving the learning and teaching of environmental education in washington, DC: Office of Educational Research and Improvement. (ERIC)
Weber, S. (2009). Curriculum development: A political act.
Wiki. (2008). School curriculum: Hidden curriculum.
Wilson, Leslie and Larry Cuban. (2003). Different Types of Curriculum.In www.UWSP.-edu/education/lwilso/curricu/curtype.htm-20k.