مدل‌یابی علی روابط معلم- دانش‌آموز و طرد همسالان با اضطراب مدرسه‌ای در دانش‌آموزان ابتدایی با نقش میانجی جو عاطفی در مدرسه

نوع مقاله : پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 استاد گروه روانشناسی، دانشکده علوم تربیتی و روانشناسی، دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی، اردبیل، ایران.

2 دانشجوی دکتری روانشناسی، دانشکده علوم تربیتی و روانشناسی، دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی، اردبیل، ایران.

چکیده

مطالعه در حوزۀ اضطراب مدرسه‌ای منجر به بهبود عملکرد روان‌شناختی و جسمانی در دانش‌آموزان می‌شود. پژوهش حاضر با هدف مدل‌یابی علّی روابط معلم- دانش‌آموز و طرد همسالان با اضطراب مدرسه‌ای در دانش‌آموزان ابتدایی با نقش میانجی جو عاطفی مدرسه انجام شد. پژوهش حاضر بر مبنای هدف و شیوه گردآوری اطلاعات، توصیفی- همبستگی از نوع مدل‌یابی معادلات ساختاری بود. جامعۀ آماری شامل 714 نفر از دانش‌آموزان مقطع ابتدایی شهرستان نیر در سال 1404-1403 است. نمونۀ آماری شامل 250 نفر براساس فرمول کوکران، از دانش‌آموزان پایه‌های چهارم، پنجم و ششم به‌صورت نمونه‌گیری تصادفی خوشه‌ای بوده است. ابزار استفاده‌شده، پرسش‌نامه‌های رابطۀ معلم - دانش‌آموز زاکاریا (2020)، اضطراب کلاس درس داوائل (2020)، جو مدرسه اسکالز (2020) و طردشدگی از سوی همسالان طهماسیان (1384) بوده است. یافته‌ها نشان داد که اثر مستقیم بین طرد همسالان با اضطراب مدرسه‌ای مثبت و معنادار و مسیر مستقیم بین جو عاطفی مدرسه با اضطراب مدرسه‌ای منفی و معنادار بود. همچنین اثرات غیرمستقیم رابطۀ معلم- دانش‌آموز و طرد همسالان از طریق میانجی‌گری جو عاطفی مدرسه با اضطراب مدرسه‌ای معنادار بود. شاخص‌های نکویی برازش مدل از طریق ضریب تعیین R2 و ضریب پیش‌بینی‌کنندگی Q2 تایید شد. نتایج نشانگر آن است که جو عاطفی در مدرسه می‌تواند نقش موثری در ایجاد رابطۀ مطلوب در روابط معلم – دانش‌آموز و کاهش اضطراب مدرسه‌ای داشته باشد. همچنین کنترل طرد همسالان می‌تواند در کاهش اضطراب مدرسه‌ای در دانش‌آموزان موثر واقع شود. پیشنهاد می‌شود که در مراکز آموزش و پرورش برنامه‌های کاربردی مناسب طراحی شود و اقدامات لازم صورت گیرد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Causal Modeling of Teacher-Student Relationships and Peer Rejection with School Anxiety in Elementary School Students, with the Mediating Role of the Emotional Atmosphere at School

نویسندگان [English]

  • Sajjad Basharpoor 1
  • Nima Sadeghzadeh Belil 2
  • Hossein Ashiani 2
1 Professor, Department of Psychology, Faculty of Educational Sciences and Psychology, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran.
2 PhD student in Psychology, Faculty of Educational Sciences and Psychology, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran.
چکیده [English]

Studying school anxiety leads to improved psychological and physical performance in students. The present study aimed to model the causal relationship between teacher-student relationships and peer rejection with school anxiety in elementary school students, with the mediating role of school emotional atmosphere. The present study based on the purpose and the data collection method was descriptive-correlational using structural equation modeling. The statistical population included 714 elementary school students in Nir city in the year 1403-1404. The statistical sample includes 250 people based on the Cochran formula, from fourth, fifth, and sixth-grade students, using cluster random sampling. Instruments used were Zakaria's Teacher-Student Relationship Questionnaire (2020), Dawael's Classroom Anxiety (2020), Scholes' School Climate (2020), and Tahmasian's Peer Exclusion (2005). Findings showed that the direct effect between peer rejection and school anxiety was positive and significant, and the direct path between school atmosphere and school anxiety was negative and significant. Also, the indirect effects of the teacher-student relationship and peer rejection through the mediation of school atmosphere with school anxiety were significant. The goodness-of-fit indices of the model confirmed through the coefficient of determination R2 and the predictive coefficient Q2. The results indicate that the emotional atmosphere in school can play an effective role in creating a favorable relationship between teacher and student and reducing school anxiety. Also, controlling peer rejection can effectively reduce school anxiety in students. It is recommended that appropriate applications be designed in educational centers and that necessary measures be taken.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • School Anxiety
  • School Emotional Atmosphere
  • Teacher–Student Relationships
  • Peer Rejection

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