با همکاری مشترک دانشگاه پیام نور و انجمن روانشناسی تربیتی ایران

نوع مقاله : پژوهشی

نویسنده

دانشیار، گروه آموزش زبان و ادبیات انگلیسی، دانشگاه پیام نور

چکیده

حمایت عبارت است از ارائة کمک به فراگیران و سپس کاهش تدریجی آن. این کاهش زمانی آغاز می‌شود که نشانه‌های پیشرفت در مهارت و دانش حمایت گیرنده بروز می‌کند و فرد نشان می‌دهد که توانایی پذیرش مسئولیت بیشتر در روند فراگیری را دارد. مطالعة حاضر به بررسی تاثیر حمایت‌های فراشناختی بر سه جنبة اصلی مهارت شفاهی زبانی یعنی پیچیدگی، صحت و روانی می‌پردازد. هدف حمایت‌های فراشناختی بالا بردن سطح سه فعالیت فراشناختی اصلی یعنی برنامه‌ریزی، نظارت و ارزشیابی است. در این پژوهش، مبنای اندازه‌گیری پیچیدگی محاسبه نسبت تعداد بندها به واحدهای تجزیه و تحلیل گفتاری شرکت‌کنندگان بود. از سوی دیگر، روانی کلام با تقسیم تعداد هجاهای تولید شده بر تعداد ثانیه‌ ضرب در60 اندازه‌گیری شد. به‌علاوه صحت براساس نسبت تعداد بندهای عاری از خطاهای نحوی، صرفی و واژگانی به تعداد کل بندها محاسبه گردید. تجزیه و تحلیل نتایج نشان داد که حمایت‌های فراشناختی به شکل معناداری مهارت شفاهی فراگیران را بر حسب پیچیدگی، صحت، و روانی افزایش می‌دهد. مفاهیم ضمنی یافته‌ها برای فعالیت‌های آموزشی در مقاله ارائه شده است. 

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Scaffolding Metacognition to Improve Oral Complexity, Accuracy, and Fluency

نویسنده [English]

  • Manoochehr Jafarigohar

Associate Professor, TEFL and English Literature Department, Payame Noor University

چکیده [English]

Scaffolding is conceptualized as the provision of assistance to learners and the gradual withdrawal of the aid as the scaffoldee signals progression in their knowledge/skill and the capability to take over more responsibility. The present study sought to scrutinize the impact of metacognitive scaffolds intended to endorse metacognitive activities (i.e. planning, monitoring, and evaluation) on various aspects of oral proficiency namely, complexity, accuracy, and fluency. Sixty participants selected through a proficiency test and ranging in age from 16 to 27 took part in the study. Complexity was assessed by calculating the ratio of clauses to AS units in the participants' production. Fluency was measured by dividing the number of syllables by the total number of seconds and multiplied by 60, and accuracy was gauged as the percentage of clauses devoid of syntactic, morphological, and lexical errors to the whole number of clauses. The results of a number of t-tests and ANOVAs on pre and post-intervention oral performance revealed that metacognitive scaffolds could significantly enhance oral proficiency in terms of complexity, accuracy, and fluency. Implications for classrooms are discussed.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Accuracy
  • Complexity
  • Fluency
  • Metacognition
  • Scaffolding
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